Lessons
Civil Service Exam lessons for every topic in the scope
47 lessons, topic by topic. Each one teaches the rules, works through exam-style examples step by step, and lists the mistakes to avoid. Pick a topic and read the first part.
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Verbal Ability
Lesson 1Subject–Verb Agreement: Finding the True SubjectFind the true subject first, decide if it is one or more than one, then match the verb. Eight rule groups cover every agreement item on the exam.Read the first part ›Lesson 2Verb Tenses and Verb FormsPick the tense from the time signal, build it with the right helping verb, and use the right verb form after has, did, was and modals.Read the first part ›Lesson 3Pronouns: Case, Who/Whom and AgreementPick the right pronoun every time: I or me, who or whom, its or it's, myself or me, and who, which or that.Read the first part ›Lesson 4Complete Sentences: Fragments, Run-ons and Comma SplicesKnow what makes a sentence complete, spot fragments, run-ons and comma splices, name sentence structures, and rebuild jumbled sentences.Read the first part ›Lesson 5Parallel Structure, Modifiers and ComparisonsKeep lists parallel, put describing words in the right place, compare correctly, and choose between adjectives and adverbs.Read the first part ›Lesson 6Articles, Prepositions, Conjunctions and Commonly Confused WordsSmall words decide many exam items. Learn how to pick a/an/the, in/on/at, the right joining word, and the right word among sound-alikes, by meaning, not by feel.Read the first part ›Lesson 7The Error-Identification and Sentence-Correction MethodOne method for both item types: read the whole sentence, test each underlined part with a ten-point checklist, and name the broken rule. Choose No error or No change only when every part passes.Read the first part ›Lesson 8Vocabulary: Context Clues, Word Parts, Synonyms and AntonymsWork out a word's meaning from the sentence and from its parts, then pick the synonym or antonym that fits the exact sense and tone.Read the first part ›Lesson 9Paragraph Organization and Reading ComprehensionPut jumbled sentences in order using the topic sentence, signal words and pronoun links, then answer reading questions by finding the evidence in the text.Read the first part ›Lesson 10Gramatika sa Filipino: ng/nang, rin/din, Pokus at Iba PaAlamin kung kailan ng o nang, rin o din, sina o sila, at -in o -an; saka gamitin ang parehong paraan sa kasingkahulugan, kasalungat at analohiya.Read the first part ›Lesson 11Parts of Speech and NounsName the job each word does, then master nouns: kinds, group words, gender, plurals and possessives. This is the base for every other grammar lesson.Read the first part ›Lesson 12Punctuation and CapitalizationEvery punctuation mark has a job. Learn the job of each mark, the four correct ways to join two sentences, and when a word takes a capital letter.Read the first part ›
Numerical Ability
Lesson 1Number Sense: Divisibility, Primes, GCF and LCMTest divisibility without dividing, list factors in pairs, spot primes, and find the GCF and LCM with prime factors. These are the building blocks for fractions and word problems.Read the first part ›Lesson 2Signed Numbers and the Order of OperationsAdd, subtract, multiply and divide positive and negative numbers with a few sign rules, work out long expressions in the agreed order (PEMDAS), and estimate to eliminate wrong choices.Read the first part ›Lesson 3Percent: One Template for Part, Whole and RateEvery basic percent item uses one template: Part = Rate × Base. Learn to spot the part, the whole and the rate, convert the percent, and solve for the missing one.Read the first part ›Lesson 4Percent Change, Discounts and InterestPercent change divides by the old value. Use multipliers (1 + r) and (1 − r) to find new values, undo them by dividing, and chain them for successive changes. Discounts, mark-ups and simple interest use the same idea.Read the first part ›Lesson 5Ratio and Proportion: Direct, Inverse or Shares?Write ratios in the order asked and in simplest form, solve proportions by cross products, and decide first whether a problem is direct, inverse or a sharing (partitive) problem.Read the first part ›Lesson 6Averages, the Missing Score, and Simple ProbabilityAdd and divide for the average, use the total to find a missing score, then use median, mode and simple probability as quick counting methods.Read the first part ›Lesson 7Word Problems: The Step-by-Step MethodOne routine for every word problem (Read, Represent, Relate, Equate, Solve, Prove), then the set-ups for number, age, coin, clock, calendar and mixture problems, plus three back-up strategies.Read the first part ›Lesson 8Work and Motion Problems: Rates That AddTurn every worker and every traveler into a rate. Work rates add; speeds add when movers approach or separate, and subtract when one chases the other.Read the first part ›Lesson 9Number, Letter and Alphanumeric SeriesFind the rule that makes every term: test differences, then changing differences, ratios, alternation and special series. Letters become numbers (A = 1 … Z = 26), and mixed terms are split into parts.Read the first part ›Lesson 10Fractions and Decimals: The OperationsConvert, compare, add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions and decimals with one clear procedure each, and check every answer.Read the first part ›Lesson 11Basic Algebra: Expressions and EquationsUse a letter for the unknown, find the value of an expression, solve an equation one balanced step at a time, and turn words into algebra. Always check by putting your answer back in.Read the first part ›Lesson 12Geometry and MeasurementPerimeter is the distance around; area is the space inside. Learn the formulas for the rectangle, square, triangle and circle, sketch before you solve, and convert units first.Read the first part ›
Analytical Ability
Lesson 1Word Analogy: Naming the RelationshipSay the relationship of the first pair in one exact sentence, test that sentence on every choice, and sharpen it when two choices fit.Read the first part ›Lesson 2Syllogisms and Venn Diagrams: All, Some, NoDraw each All, Some and No statement as circles, cancel the middle term, and accept a conclusion only if no drawing of the premises can make it false.Read the first part ›Lesson 3If–Then Reasoning: Two Valid Forms and Two TrapsLabel the IF part and the THEN part, then check which one the fact touches: two forms give a certain answer, two give "cannot be determined".Read the first part ›Lesson 4Assumptions, Inferences and ConclusionsSeparate what a statement supports from what only sounds true. Five reasoning methods cover best inference, the hidden assumption, the I/II format and must-be-true conclusions.Read the first part ›Lesson 5Ordering, Ranking and Floor PuzzlesTurn comparison clues into one picture: a ranking line, a row of seats, a stack of floors or a time line. Mark what is confirmed, what is logically determined and what cannot be determined.Read the first part ›Lesson 6Reading FlowchartsRead the shapes, trace forward from START, work backward from an outcome to its direct reason, and judge statements as always, possibly or never true, using only what the chart shows.Read the first part ›Lesson 7Data Interpretation: Reading Tables and ChartsRead the title, units and key first, then pull exact values from bar graphs, pictograms, histograms, pie charts, line graphs and tables, and compute totals, differences, averages and percents without falling for the usual traps.Read the first part ›Lesson 8Coding and Language DecodingCrack a made-up language by comparing sentences that share words, copying the word order, and peeling off endings one at a time.Read the first part ›Lesson 9Symbolic and Abstract ReasoningFind the one change in a figure series, read grids both ways, and crack letter codes, symbol operations, number rules and repeating patterns with a check at every step.Read the first part ›
Clerical Ability
Lesson 1Alphabetical Filing: The Complete Rule SetRewrite every entry in filing form, then compare letter by letter. One stated convention (DEC-02) covers words, titles, people, businesses, offices and numbers.Read the first part ›Lesson 2Spelling Rules That WorkFive rules (ie/ei, silent e, y to i, doubling, prefixes) fix most spelling choices; a short list of demons covers the rest.Read the first part ›Lesson 3Checking and Comparing: Careful-Copy and Counting TasksFour methods for checking tasks: compare character by character, check copies chunk by chunk, count matching pairs, and count only what meets the condition.Read the first part ›
General Information
Lesson 1The Constitution by the Numbers: Qualifications and TermsWho wrote the Constitution, what the national territory covers, who is a citizen and who may vote, and the key numbers for each top office: age, residency, term and term limit.Read the first part ›Lesson 2Votes That Matter: Majorities and ThresholdsOne ladder for every vote the Constitution sets: one-fifth, one-third, a majority, two-thirds and three-fourths, plus the 10% and 12% people's petitions. Learn what each is for and how to count it.Read the first part ›Lesson 3How Things Happen: Bills, Succession, Martial Law, Impeachment, AmendmentsFive constitutional processes step by step: how a bill becomes law, who takes over when the presidency is vacant, the limits on martial law, how officials are impeached, and how the Constitution is changed.Read the first part ›Lesson 4The Bill of Rights in Plain WordsWhat the Bill of Rights (Article III) protects, section by section, in everyday words; which rights belong to a person under investigation, to an accused, and to everyone; plus the difference between the principles and the state policies of Article II.Read the first part ›Lesson 5Constitutional Commissions, Local Government, Economy and Social JusticeThe three Constitutional Commissions (CSC, COMELEC, COA) and the civil service rules; local governments and autonomous regions; who may own land and businesses; social justice and the Commission on Human Rights; and the provisions on education, language, the family and general matters.Read the first part ›Lesson 6R.A. 6713: The Eight Norms, the Duties and Prohibited ActsLearn the key terms, the eight norms by their cue words, the five duties with their deadlines, and what officials may never do, including the gift rules.Read the first part ›Lesson 7R.A. 6713: SALN, Divestment and PenaltiesWho files the SALN, when and where; who may see it; how fast an official must resign and divest; and the penalties for breaking R.A. 6713.Read the first part ›Lesson 8Peace and Human RightsWhat human rights are, their characteristics by anchor phrase, the UDHR and its article map, and the Philippine peace and human-rights measures of 2021-2022.Read the first part ›Lesson 9Environmental Laws at a GlanceThe constitutional basis, who enforces environmental law, a master table of laws by number, year and purpose, hazardous waste, the ECC decision, and DENR programs, with current names.Read the first part ›Lesson 10What Changed: Updated Laws and InstitutionsThe reviewer stops in 2022. Learn which bodies and rules later laws renamed or changed, read every dated fact with its date, and tell R.A. 3019 from R.A. 6713.Read the first part ›
Exam orientation
Practice for the real thing
Lessons, practice questions with step-by-step explanations, and timed mock exams that follow the 2027 exam's format.